Design automation, including design representation, virtual reality, geometric design, design evaluation, design optimization, risk and reliability-based optimization, design sensitivity analysis, system design integration, ergonomic and aesthetic considerations, and design for market systems; design of direct contact systems, including cams, gears and power transmission systems; design education; design of energy, fluid, and power handing systems; design innovation and devices, including design of smart products and materials; design for manufacturing and the life cycle, including design for the environment, DFX, and sustainable design; design of mechanisms and robotic systems, including design of macro-, micro- and nano-scaled mechanical systems, machine component, and machine system design; design theory and methodology, including creativity in design, decision analysis, design cognition, and design synthesis.